Matt told me to read this on Thursday. I just got around to it. Great article. Damian is truly a treasure of the Perl community. http://www.perl.com/pub/2000/08/conway.html Rich -- Rich at cre8tivegroup.com Director of Web Application Development - The Creative Group http://www.cre8tivegroup.com/ Author - Apache Server Unleashed - http://apacheunleashed.com/